WHO recommends using standard case definitions and procedures for global influenza surveillance among outpatients and inpatients and periodic comprehensive evaluations of established surveillance systems, beginning 1–2 years after implementation. The GISRS network was initiated in 1952 by the WHO as a response strategy against influenza disease. Global influenza surveillance, coordinated by WHO under the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) Network, is key to monitoring global trends of seasonal influenza virus circulation, guiding strain selection for annual influenza vaccine composition, monitoring the acquisition of resistance to antiviral drugs, detecting the emergence of influenza viruses with pandemic potential, and monitoring the spread and impact of pandemic influenza viruses. Currently, the documented prevalence of seasonal influenza in Tanzania is 8.0%, and according to the first surveillance evaluation done in 2010 (30 months after the initiation of the surveillance system), patients increased during the cold and rainy seasons. In 2008, Tanzania initiated the National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System (NISSS), whereby on July 4, 2009, the first case was reported, and since then, epidemics have been reported and monitored. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that seasonal influenza causes 3 to 5 million cases of severe influenza disease and may result in 290 000–650 000 deaths yearly due to respiratory diseases alone. Cough is often severe and prolonged, with recovery in 2–7 days. Influenza is an acute viral respiratory tract disease characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, prostration, coryza, sore throat, and cough.
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